An epistle, within Christian theology, is traditionally defined as a letter or written communication intended to convey theological teachings, moral guidance, and pastoral care. Originating from the Greek word “epistolē,” which simply means “letter,” epistles in the New Testament context are formal documents composed by apostles or early Christian leaders such as Paul, Peter, James, and John. These writings are addressed to early Christian communities or individuals to instruct, correct, encourage, or provide doctrine necessary for maintaining the faith amidst the challenges of the early Church era.
The most notable are the Pauline Epistles, written by the Apostle Paul to various churches across the Greco-Roman world, such as those in Corinth, Rome, and Ephesus. These letters address specific local issues but also articulate foundational Christian doctrines such as justification by faith, the nature of the Church, and the ethical implications of the gospel. Unlike Gospels that narrate the life and teachings of Jesus, epistles are didactic texts specifically crafted to elucidate Christian living and theology, ensuring the faith’s transmission across different cultures and generations. As part of the biblical canon, these epistles continue to serve as vital sources for theological reflection, ecclesiastical instruction, and moral guidance within the global Christian community.
