National Association of Christian Ministers Manual to Ministry: Terms #
Animism is a theological and anthropological concept that posits the belief in the presence of spiritual forces or divine essences in living beings, objects, and natural phenomena. It stems from the Latin word “anima,” meaning “soul” or “life.” In animistic worldviews, every element of the natural world—including plants, animals, mountains, rivers, and celestial bodies—is believed to have a spiritual essence or consciousness. This belief leads to the perception that the world is populated by numerous spirits or spiritual beings that can influence human affairs and the natural environment.
Theologically, animism differs significantly from monotheistic religions like Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, which traditionally hold that a single, transcendent God governs the universe. However, aspects of animism can be found intertwined with the practices and beliefs of various indigenous religions worldwide, influencing rituals, cultural practices, and social structures within these communities.
In Christian theology, while the belief in the indwelling of the Holy Spirit in all of creation can seem similar, it fundamentally differs in that Christianity does not attribute autonomous spiritual agency or divinity to non-human entities. Instead, Christianity teaches stewardship of God’s creation and respect for the natural world as part of God’s creation, emphasizing the singular sovereignty of God over all creation.
